Engineer Misstating Professional Achievements on Resume

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It was unethical for Engineer A to imply on his resume that he was personally responsible for the design of the products which were actually designed through the joint efforts of the members of the design team.

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In essence, the issue before the Board is to what extent, if any, may an individual engineer engage in less than total candor in the development of his professional resume. Although this issue may appear to be simple and easily resolved, a closer examination of the question reveals a number of difficult issues. An employment resume is in many senses a written description of the professional achievements and qualifications of the individual whose name appears at its heading. In the world of professional employment, it is the method by which prospective employees communicate their credentials, qualifications, experience, etc. to prospective employers. The resume is generally the first impression that a prospective employer gains of an individual. In fact, in the highly competitive employment environment that currently exists, the employment resume is the means through which the prospective employer "screens out" the less desirous, less qualified applicants. The importance of the employment resume cannot be overstated. It should therefore not be surprising that the contents of a resume can have an enormous impact upon the success of an employment applicant being considered for a position. Today there is great pressure on the job applicant to stress those qualities and qualifications which will have the greatest impact and make the best impression upon those in a position of responsibility in the hiring process. Job seekers take great pains to stress those aspects of their educational and employment history which demonstrate their suitability for the particular employment position in question. Over the years, the Board has faced fact situations which bear some resemblance to the facts in this case. In Case 72-11, John Doe, who had been employed as a design engineer in an aerospace company for twelve years, during which he had been assigned to the performance of highly technical and complex engineering design work, was laid off when contracts with his company were ter...

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Engineer A is seeking employment with Employer Y. As an employee for Employer X, Engineer A was a staff engineer along with five other staff engineers of equal rank. This team of six was responsible for the design of certain products. While working for Employer X, Engineer A along with five other engineers in his team participated in and was credited with the design of a series of patented products.Engineer A submits his resume to Employer Y and on it implies that he personally was responsible for the design of products which were actually designed through a joint effort of the members of the team.

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Was it ethical for Engineer A to imply on his resume that he was personally responsible for the design of the products which were actually designed through the joint efforts of the members of the design team?
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Roles R
w=0.12 384D
Prospective Employer Resume-Deceived Engineering Hiring Firm
The prospective engineering employer evaluating Engineer A's resume, identified by the Board as the party the Code...
Collaborative Credit Misrepresenting Job-Seeking Engineer
A licensed or credentialed engineer who, while seeking new employment, submits a resume that falsely implies sole or...
Joint Design Team Member Engineer
A professional engineering role borne by a member of a peer-level team collectively responsible for the design of...
Engineer A Collaborative Credit Misrepresenting Job-Seeking Engineer
Engineer A submits a resume to Employer Y implying sole personal responsibility for patented products that were...
Employer X Former Engineering Employer
Employer X is the organization where Engineer A and the five-member team were employed as staff engineers and...
Employer Y Prospective Engineering Hiring Authority
Employer Y is the prospective employer receiving Engineer A's resume containing misrepresentations about individual...
Five-Member Joint Design Team
The five other staff engineers of equal rank who jointly participated in and were credited with the design of the...
Five Staff Engineers Joint Design Team Members
Five staff engineers who jointly designed products with Engineer A and whose collaborative contributions were...
Resume-Deceived Prospective Engineering Employer
An organizational role borne by a firm or hiring authority that evaluates engineering job applicants based on...
John Doe Case 72-11 Resume Misrepresenting Job-Seeking Engineer
Aerospace design engineer laid off after 12 years who, after repeated rejections, rewrote his resume to emphasize...
Case 79-5 Diploma Mill PhD Engineer
A registered professional engineer who listed a PhD from a diploma mill (correspondence-only, no attendance or study...
11 entities
Principles P
w=0.2 384D
Honesty in Professional Representations - Employer Protection Purpose
The purpose of the ethics code provision against qualification misrepresentation is to protect prospective employers...
Collaborative Credit Omission - Engineer A Failure to Credit Five Co-Designers
Engineer A violated Section III.10.a. by failing to provide due credit to the five other staff engineers who jointly...
Resume Competitive Pressure Context - Employment Environment Framing
The Board acknowledges the intense competitive pressure on job applicants to emphasize favorable qualifications but...
Diploma Mill PhD Implication - Case 79-5 Misrepresentation by Omission of Nature
An engineer listing a PhD from a diploma mill among academic qualifications without indicating its nature created a...
Progressive Code Restriction - Section II.5.a. Further Restricts Resume Representations
The Board notes that since Case 79-5, the NSPE Code has again been modified with Section II.5.a. further restricting...
Resume Selective Emphasis Misrepresentation Prohibition Applied to Engineer A
Engineer A's resume, through selective framing that omits the team context, creates a materially false overall...
Intellectual Integrity in Authorship Violated by Omission of Co-Designers
Engineer A misrepresents the intellectual origins of the patented products by omitting the material contributions of...
Honesty in Professional Representations Violated by Engineer A Resume Submission
Engineer A's resume implies personal sole responsibility for patented products that were jointly designed by a...
Technically True But Misleading Statement Prohibition Applied to Engineer A Resume
Engineer A's resume statements about the patented products may be technically accurate in that he did participate in...
Qualification Proposal Attribution Integrity Applied to Team-Designed Patents
Engineer A's resume fails to provide clear attribution of the team context and his specific role within the...
Omission Materiality Threshold Applied to Team Composition Omission
Engineer A's omission of the five co-equal team members from his resume description of the patented products is a...
Collaborative Credit Omission Misrepresentation Prohibition Applied to Engineer A Resume
Engineer A omits the five co-equal team members from his resume description of jointly-designed and jointly-patented...
Honesty Principle Invoked Against Engineer A Collaborative Misrepresentation
The foundational professional virtue of honesty requires Engineer A to truthfully represent the collaborative nature...
Progressive Ethics Code Restriction Retroactive Inapplicability Principle
Hermeneutic principle establishing that when an ethics code provision is amended to broaden or restrict the scope of...
Contextual Resume Emphasis Permissibility - Case 72-11 John Doe
John Doe's rewriting of his resume to emphasize minor managerial and administrative experience was held permissible...
Implication-as-Misrepresentation - Engineer A Sole Credit Implication for Joint Design
Engineer A's resume implied sole personal responsibility for jointly-designed patented products without explicitly...
Collaborative Credit Omission Misrepresentation Prohibition in Employment Seeking
Professional honesty principle prohibiting engineers from representing jointly-designed work products - including...
Intentional Deception Versus Inadvertent Inaccuracy Distinction in Professional Misrepresentation
Professional virtue principle establishing that the ethical prohibition on misrepresentation in professional...
Implication-as-Misrepresentation in Professional Qualification Documents
Professional virtue principle establishing that the ethical prohibition on misrepresentation in professional...
Intentional Deception vs. Inadvertent Inaccuracy - Engineer A Deliberate Obscuring of Team Credit
The Board explicitly limits its holding to intentionally misleading statements - like Engineer A's deliberate...
20 entities
Obligations O
w=0.15 384D
Engineer A Progressive Ethics Code Broadening Retroactive Non-Application Acknowledgment
The Board was obligated to apply the current, more restrictive NSPE Code Section II.5.a. to Engineer A's conduct...
Engineer A Intentional Deception vs Inadvertent Inaccuracy Distinction Application
Engineer A was obligated to refrain from making intentionally misleading statements on his resume - statements...
Engineer A Team-Designed Patent Sole-Authorship Implication Prohibition Resume Submission
Engineer A was obligated to refrain from implying on his resume submitted to Employer Y that he personally and...
Engineer A Co-Designer Credit Omission Five Team Members Resume
Engineer A was obligated to acknowledge the contributions of the five co-equal team members when listing the...
Engineer A Qualifications Non-Misrepresentation Resume Submission to Employer Y
Engineer A was obligated to refrain from misrepresenting his qualifications on his resume submitted to Employer Y,...
Engineer A Prior-Employer Patent Credit Scope Limitation Resume
Engineer A was obligated to limit his claims of credit for the patented products designed at Employer X to his...
Employer Y Resume-Deceived Prospective Employer Obligation to Verify Qualifications
Employer Y, as a prospective engineering employer evaluating Engineer A's resume, bears a residual obligation to...
Engineer A Resume Competitive Pressure Non-Justification for Misrepresentation
Engineer A was obligated to refrain from using the competitive employment environment as justification for...
Team-Designed Patent Sole-Authorship Implication Prohibition Obligation
Duty of a licensed professional engineer who participated as one equal member of a multi-engineer team in the design...
Co-Designer Credit Omission Prohibition in Employment Seeking Obligation
Duty of a licensed professional engineer seeking new employment to affirmatively acknowledge the contributions of...
Employment-Seeking Resume Omission Materiality Self-Assessment Obligation
Duty of a licensed professional engineer preparing a resume or qualification statement for employment purposes to...
Joint Patent Team Composition Disclosure in Resume Obligation
Duty of a licensed professional engineer who lists jointly-patented products on a resume or professional...
Engineer A Artfully Misleading Resume Implication Prohibition
Engineer A was obligated to refrain from making artfully misleading statements on his resume - specifically, from...
Engineer A Joint Patent Team Composition Disclosure Resume Employer Y
Engineer A was obligated to disclose the team composition - specifically that the patented products were designed by...
Engineer A Employment-Seeking Resume Omission Materiality Self-Assessment
Engineer A was obligated to assess whether his omission of the five co-equal team members from his resume...
Resume Competitive Pressure Non-Justification for Misrepresentation Obligation
Duty of a licensed professional engineer preparing a resume or professional qualification document to refrain from...
Resume Implication-Based Misrepresentation Prohibition Obligation
Duty of a licensed professional engineer to refrain from making implications on a resume, brochure, or professional...
Team Effort Acknowledgment in Resume Design Credit Obligation
Duty of a licensed professional engineer who participated as one member of a multi-engineer design team to...
Progressive Ethics Code Broadening Retroactive Non-Application Acknowledgment Obligation
Duty of a professional ethics adjudicator or engineer interpreting the NSPE Code of Ethics to recognize that when...
Selective Emphasis Competence-Deception Boundary Compliance Obligation
Duty of a licensed professional engineer crafting a resume to ensure that any selective emphasis of qualifications...
Engineer A Resume Implication-Based Misrepresentation Prohibition
Engineer A was obligated to refrain from implying on his resume that he was personally and solely responsible for...
Engineer A Team Effort Acknowledgment in Resume Design Credit
Engineer A was obligated to express on his resume that the design work attributed to him was performed as a result...
John Doe Case 72-11 Selective Emphasis Competence-Deception Boundary Compliance
John Doe was obligated to ensure that his resume's selective emphasis of managerial and administrative experience...
Case 79-5 Diploma Mill PhD Engineer Resume Implication-Based Misrepresentation
The engineer in Case 79-5 was obligated to refrain from listing a diploma-mill PhD among academic qualifications...
24 entities
States S
w=0.1 384D
Engineer A Implied Sole Credit on Resume
Engineer A's resume representation of jointly designed patented products as personal individual accomplishments
Joint Team Design Credit Held by Six Engineers
The factual state of shared, equal design credit among six staff engineers for a series of patented products at Employer X
Doe Resume Selective Emphasis State
Engineer Doe's employment resume restructuring to emphasize minor managerial experience over dominant technical...
Engineer A Intentional vs Unintentional Misrepresentation Distinction
Board's ethical evaluation of Engineer A's resume conduct turning on whether the misleading implication was...
Engineer A Failure to Credit Design Team Members
Engineer A's omission of any acknowledgment that design work was a team effort, failing to provide due credit to...
Engineer A At-Will Employment Transition
Engineer A's employment relationship - departing Employer X, seeking engagement with Employer Y
6 entities
Resources Rs
w=0.1 384D
NSPE_Code_of_Ethics
Primary normative authority governing Engineer A's obligation to represent his qualifications honestly when seeking...
Qualification_Representation_Standard
Governs Engineer A's obligation to accurately represent his qualifications, experience, and individual contributions...
NSPE_Code_Section_II_5_a
Cited as the primary normative authority prohibiting misrepresentation of professional qualifications in resumes,...
NSPE_Code_Section_III_10_a
Cited as the basis for Engineer A's obligation to give due credit to the five other staff engineers who contributed...
NSPE_Code_Old_Section_3c
Referenced historically to trace the evolution of the Code's prohibition on qualification misrepresentation, from...
BER_Case_72-11
Cited as precedent establishing that emphasizing minor experience in a resume is permissible as a matter of degree...
BER_Case_79-5
Cited as precedent establishing that listing a degree from a diploma mill as an academic credential constitutes...
Misrepresentation_in_Business_Dealings_Standard
Applies to Engineer A's act of implying sole personal responsibility for jointly designed patented products in a...
8 entities
Actions A
w=0.1 384D
Decision to Seek New Employment
Implying Sole Resume Authorship
Submitting Misleading Resume
Collaborative Product Design Participation
Omitting Team Credit Attribution
5 entities
Events E
w=0.08 384D
Misleading Resume Received
1972 Precedent Case Established
1979 Stricter Standard Established
NSPE Code Section II.5.a Enacted
Ethical Violation Finding Issued
Collaborative Patent Portfolio Created
6 entities
Capabilities Ca
w=0.07 384D
Engineer A Resume Omission Materiality Self-Assessment
Engineer A was required to assess whether his omission of the five co-equal team members from his resume description...
Engineer A Employment Competitive Pressure Non-Justification Self-Application Deficit
Engineer A failed to apply the principle that competitive employment pressure does not justify resume...
Engineer A Equal-Rank Peer Contribution Non-Erasure
Engineer A was required to recognize that omitting the five co-equal staff engineers from his resume description of...
Engineer A Joint Patent Team Composition Affirmative Disclosure
Engineer A was required to affirmatively disclose that the patented products listed on his resume were designed by a...
Engineer A Resume Selective Emphasis vs Misrepresentation Boundary Discrimination
Engineer A was required to correctly distinguish between permissible selective emphasis of his genuine individual...
Engineer A Prior-Employer Project Credit Scope Calibration
Engineer A was required to calibrate the scope of credit he claimed for the patented products designed at Employer X...
Engineer A BER Dual-Precedent Resume Misrepresentation Spectrum Triangulation
Engineer A was required to triangulate between BER Case 72-11 (permissible selective emphasis) and BER Case 86-6...
Employer Y Prospective Employer Resume Verification Inquiry
Employer Y, as the prospective engineering employer evaluating Engineer A's resume, was required to recognize...
John Doe Case 72-11 Resume Selective Emphasis Boundary Discrimination
John Doe in Case 72-11 was required to correctly distinguish between permissible selective emphasis of minor...
Case 79-5 Diploma Mill PhD Engineer Resume Misrepresentation Recognition
The registered PE in Case 79-5 was required to recognize that listing a PhD from a diploma mill on a resume...
BER Board Three-Precedent Resume Misrepresentation Progressive Code Tightening Synthesis
The Board demonstrated advanced capability to synthesize three BER precedents (Cases 72-11, 79-5, and the current...
Engineer A Co-Equal Team Member Credit Acknowledgment in Resume Deficit
Engineer A failed to exercise the capability to frame his resume descriptions of jointly-patented products to...
Case 79-5 Diploma Mill PhD Engineer Resume Implication Deception Recognition Deficit
The engineer in Case 79-5 failed to recognize that listing a diploma-mill PhD among academic qualifications without...
Engineer A Team Contribution Sole Authorship Implication Non-Commission
Engineer A was required to possess the capability to recognize that implying sole personal responsibility for the...
Engineer A Artful Misrepresentation in Resume Recognition
Engineer A was required to recognize that his resume framing - implying sole personal responsibility for...
Joint Patent Team Composition Affirmative Disclosure Capability
Capability of a licensed professional engineer who lists jointly-patented or jointly-designed products on a resume...
Equal-Rank Peer Contribution Non-Erasure Capability
Capability of a licensed professional engineer who was one of multiple equal-ranked team members on a collaborative...
Resume Omission Materiality Self-Assessment Capability
Capability of a licensed professional engineer preparing a resume or qualification statement for employment purposes...
Prospective Employer Resume Verification Inquiry Capability
Capability of a prospective engineering employer evaluating a job applicant's resume to recognize when qualification...
Employer Y Resume-Deceived Prospective Employer Verification Inquiry Capability Instance
Employer Y, as the prospective engineering employer evaluating Engineer A's resume, bore the capability - and...
Co-Equal Team Member Credit Acknowledgment in Resume Capability
Capability of a licensed professional engineer who participated as one of multiple equal-ranked team members in a...
Resume Implication-Based Intentional Deception Self-Recognition Capability
Capability of a licensed professional engineer preparing a resume or professional qualification statement to...
Employment Competitive Pressure Non-Justification for Resume Deception Self-Application Capability
Capability of a licensed professional engineer seeking employment to recognize that the highly competitive...
BER Three-Precedent Resume Misrepresentation Progressive Code Tightening Synthesis Capability
Capability of a licensed professional engineer or ethics reviewing body to retrieve, analyze, and synthesize three...
Section II.5.a. Implication-Scope Purposive Interpretation Capability
Capability of a licensed professional engineer or ethics reviewing body to purposively interpret NSPE Code Section...
Resume Competitive Employment Context Ethical Stakes Recognition Capability
Capability of a licensed professional engineer to recognize the heightened ethical stakes of resume...
Engineer A Resume Implication-Based Intentional Deception Self-Recognition Deficit
Engineer A lacked or failed to exercise the capability to recognize that his resume framing - listing...
BER Board Section II.5.a. Implication-Scope Purposive Interpretation
The Board demonstrated advanced capability to purposively interpret Section II.5.a.'s misrepresentation prohibition...
Engineer A Resume Competitive Employment Context Ethical Stakes Recognition Deficit
Engineer A failed to adequately recognize the heightened ethical stakes of resume misrepresentation in the...
John Doe Case 72-11 Resume Selective Emphasis vs Misrepresentation Boundary Compliance
John Doe demonstrated the capability to remain within the permissible zone of selective emphasis - emphasizing minor...
30 entities
Constraints Cs
w=0.08 384D
Case 79-5 Engineer Diploma Mill PhD Credential Nature Non-Disclosure
The engineer was constrained to disclose the non-accredited, correspondence-only nature of his PhD degree when...
Engineer A Intent-Differentiated Misrepresentation Severity Calibration Resume
The severity of the ethical violation finding against Engineer A was constrained by the intent-differentiation...
Engineer A Pertinent Fact Dual-Element Misrepresentation Resume Qualification
Engineer A's resume conduct was constrained by the dual-element misrepresentation test: (1) the team composition and...
NSPE Code Progressive Amendment Stricter Resume Standard Case 86-6
The BER was constrained to apply the current, most restrictive version of the NSPE Code (Section II.5.a) to Engineer...
Engineer A Intentional Implication-Based Misrepresentation Resume Employer Y
Engineer A was constrained by NSPE Code Section II.5.a from implying on his resume submitted to Employer Y that he...
Engineer A Competitive Employment Pressure Non-Justification Resume Misrepresentation
Engineer A was constrained from using the highly competitive employment environment and the pressure to make the...
Engineer A Team Effort Acknowledgment Resume Section III.10.a
Engineer A was constrained by NSPE Code Section III.10.a to express on his resume that the design work attributed to...
Employer Y Resume-Deceived Prospective Employer Qualification Verification Constraint
Employer Y, as a prospective engineering employer evaluating Engineer A's resume, was constrained by the...
Engineer A Joint Patent Co-Designer Credit Omission Resume Prohibition
Engineer A was prohibited from listing the jointly-patented products on his resume without affirmatively disclosing...
Joint Patent Co-Designer Credit Omission Resume Prohibition Constraint
Ethical constraint prohibiting a licensed professional engineer from listing jointly-patented or jointly-designed...
Equal-Rank Team Member Sole-Credit Implication Prohibition Constraint
Ethical constraint prohibiting a licensed professional engineer who participated as one of multiple engineers of...
Engineer A Team-Designed Patent Sole-Authorship Implication Resume Prohibition
Engineer A was prohibited from structuring his resume to imply that he personally and solely was responsible for the...
Engineer A Resume Emphasis Permissible Boundary Non-Deception Application
Engineer A was constrained by the boundary between permissible resume emphasis and impermissible misrepresentation -...
Non-Accredited Credential Nature Disclosure Constraint
Ethical constraint prohibiting a licensed professional engineer from listing any academic credential, degree, or...
Progressive Ethics Code Tightening Stricter Resume Standard Imposition Constraint
Interpretive and ethical constraint establishing that each successive amendment to the NSPE Code of Ethics provision...
Doe Resume Emphasis Permissible Boundary Case 72-11
Doe was constrained to ensure that his resume restructuring - emphasizing minor managerial experience over dominant...
Engineer A Intentional vs Unintentional Misrepresentation Calibration Resume
The BER was constrained to calibrate its ethical violation finding to the intentional nature of Engineer A's resume...
Resume Employer Screening Function Non-Deception Protective Purpose Constraint
Engineers are constrained in their resume representations by the protective purpose of the non-deception provision -...
18 entities
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