{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#Action_Plan_Preparation_and_Sealing",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T20:16:25.026585+00:00",
  "proeth:description": "Engineer A prepared subdivision plans consisting of a 5-sheet grading set and a 38-sheet public improvement set, signing and sealing every sheet including the cover sheets.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "design engineer retained by client",
  "proeth:fulfillsObligation": [
    "Acknowledgment of Design Responsibility (Section III.9)"
  ],
  "proeth:guidedByPrinciple": [
    "Acknowledgment of Design Responsibility (Section III.9)"
  ],
  "proeth:hasAgent": "Engineer A",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberate",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Plans Signed and Sealed by Engineer A"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Deliver complete, professionally certified subdivision plans to the client",
  "proeth:raisesObligation": [],
  "proeth:requiresCapability": [
    "Subdivision design",
    "Grading and public improvement plan preparation"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "interval",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Beginning of timeline, before discharge by client",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 1,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "Engineer A prepared subdivision plans for a client. These plans included a 5-sheet set of grading plans and a 38-sheet set of public improvement plans. Each set had a cover sheet and all sheets in each set were signed and sealed by Engineer A."
  ],
  "proeth:violatesObligation": [],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Plan Preparation and Sealing"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#Action_Engineer_Discharge",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T20:16:25.026701+00:00",
  "proeth:description": "The client, dissatisfied with the plans, discharged Engineer A after paying the complete fee and asked Engineer A for his original drawings.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "project owner",
  "proeth:hasAgent": "Client",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberate",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Engineer A Discharged"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "End the engagement with Engineer A and obtain the plans for use in a redesign",
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Early in timeline, after plans were produced",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 3,
  "proeth:terminates": [
    "Engineer A Client Engagement"
  ],
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "The client was not satisfied with the plans, so he discharged Engineer A after paying the complete fee for production of the plans. The client asked Engineer A for his original drawings."
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Engineer Discharge"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#Action_Original_Drawings_Transfer",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T20:16:25.026740+00:00",
  "proeth:description": "Engineer A complied with the client\u0027s request and turned over his original drawings, retaining a set of reproducibles for himself.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "discharged design engineer",
  "proeth:foreseenUnintendedEffects": [
    "His signed and sealed work product would pass out of his control"
  ],
  "proeth:hasAgent": "Engineer A",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberate",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Client Possession of Sealed Plans"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Comply with the client\u0027s request for the original drawings while preserving his own record set",
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Immediately after discharge",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 5,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "Engineer A complied, retaining a set of reproducibles."
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Original Drawings Transfer"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#Action_Successor_Engineer_Retention",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T20:16:25.026768+00:00",
  "proeth:description": "The client retained Engineer B to review and redesign the project and gave him the set of plans produced by Engineer A to use as a guide in the redesign.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "project owner",
  "proeth:hasAgent": "Client",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberate",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Engineer B Retained for Redesign"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Obtain a revised project design using Engineer A\u0027s plans as a starting point",
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "After Engineer A\u0027s discharge",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 6,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "Engineer B was later retained by the client to review and redesign the project. The client gave Engineer B the set of plans produced by Engineer A to use as a guide in the redesign."
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Successor Engineer Retention"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#Action_Review_Engagement_Acceptance",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T20:16:25.026792+00:00",
  "proeth:description": "Engineer B agreed to review and redesign Engineer A\u0027s work for the same client without notifying Engineer A. The Board concedes this acceptance itself was not unethical because the client had discharged Engineer A.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "successor engineer",
  "proeth:hasAgent": "Engineer B",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberate",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Engineer B Review of Engineer A\u0027s Work"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Take on the review and redesign of the project for the client",
  "proeth:requiresCapability": [
    "Design review",
    "Subdivision redesign"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Upon retention by the client",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 8,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "Engineer B did not act unethically in agreeing to review the work of Engineer A without notifying Engineer A"
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Review Engagement Acceptance"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#Action_Consultation_Omission",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T20:16:25.026817+00:00",
  "proeth:description": "Engineer B undertook to modify Engineer A\u0027s plans without consulting Engineer A, and neither engineer communicated with the other at any point after Engineer B was retained. The Board states it would have been wiser and more professional for Engineer B to consult with Engineer A first.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "discussion",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "successor engineer",
  "proeth:foreseenUnintendedEffects": [
    "Loss of the original engineer\u0027s explanations of technical decisions in the original design"
  ],
  "proeth:guidedByPrinciple": [
    "Professional Courtesy in Review (Section III.8.a)"
  ],
  "proeth:hasAgent": "Engineer B",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberate omission",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Absence of Communication Between Engineers"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Proceed with the redesign without engaging the original designer",
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "interval",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Throughout the redesign period",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 9,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "At no time after Engineer B was retained were there any communications between the two engineers.",
    "we think it would have been wiser and more professional for Engineer B to consult with Engineer A before undertaking to modify the plans prepared by Engineer A"
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Consultation Omission"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#Action_Undocumented_Grading_Plan_Modification",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T20:16:25.026841+00:00",
  "proeth:description": "Engineer B changed the grading plans, deleting one sheet, raising the elevation of the housing pads, and rerouting the street, without noting what changes were made and without signing any of the sheets including the cover sheet.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "successor engineer",
  "proeth:foreseenUnintendedEffects": [
    "Ambiguity about who authored and bears responsibility for the modified grading plans"
  ],
  "proeth:fulfillsObligation": [],
  "proeth:hasAgent": "Engineer B",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberate as to the changes, misleading either intentionally or unwittingly as to documentation",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Misleading Plan Attribution"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Revise the grading design to meet the client\u0027s redesign objectives",
  "proeth:raisesObligation": [],
  "proeth:requiresCapability": [
    "Grading design",
    "Engineering judgment"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "interval",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "During the redesign",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 10,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "Engineer B reviewed the original drawings, made changes on the grading plans, including deletion of one sheet, raising the elevation of the housing pads and changing routing of the street. Engineer B did not note what changes were made nor did he sign any of the sheets, including the cover sheet."
  ],
  "proeth:violatesObligation": [
    "Duty to Note All Design Changes (Section III.3.a)",
    "Acknowledgment of Design Responsibility (Section III.9)"
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Undocumented Grading Plan Modification"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#Action_Undocumented_Utility_Design_Changes",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T20:16:25.026863+00:00",
  "proeth:description": "Engineer B made major design changes to the storm drains, pipe dimensions, sewers, and utilities in the public improvement plans, with no notation of the changes, without signing the plans, and leaving Engineer A\u0027s seal and signature intact.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "successor engineer",
  "proeth:foreseenUnintendedEffects": [
    "Engineer A\u0027s seal remaining on substantially altered plans",
    "Impact of the modifications on the efficacy and integrity of the entire project design"
  ],
  "proeth:fulfillsObligation": [],
  "proeth:hasAgent": "Engineer B",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberate as to the changes, misleading either intentionally or unwittingly as to documentation",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Engineer A Seal on Altered Plans",
    "Ambiguous Design Responsibility"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Rework the public improvement design for the client\u0027s project",
  "proeth:raisesObligation": [],
  "proeth:requiresCapability": [
    "Storm drain and sewer design",
    "Utility design"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "interval",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "During the redesign",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 11,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "Engineer B also made major design changes to the storm drains, pipe dimensions, sewers, and utilities in the public improvement plans. He made no notation of the changes, did not sign the plans, and left Engineer A\u0027s seal and signature intact."
  ],
  "proeth:violatesObligation": [
    "Duty to Note All Design Changes (Section III.3.a)",
    "Acknowledgment of Design Responsibility (Section III.9)"
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Undocumented Utility Design Changes"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#Action_Vague_Responsibility_Notation",
  "@type": "proeth:Action",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T20:16:25.026885+00:00",
  "proeth:description": "Engineer B placed a note on the title sheet of the public improvement plans, leaving Engineer A\u0027s signature and seal intact, stating that he was taking responsibility for the revisions of the plans, without noting what those changes were. The Board found this notation virtually meaningless and found that Engineer B failed to acknowledge responsibility for the full design.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:eventRoleContext": "successor engineer",
  "proeth:foreseenUnintendedEffects": [
    "Readers of the plans could not determine which work was Engineer A\u0027s and which was Engineer B\u0027s"
  ],
  "proeth:fulfillsObligation": [],
  "proeth:hasAgent": "Engineer B",
  "proeth:hasMentalState": "deliberate, intended to limit his responsibility to only the changes he made",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Limited Responsibility Claim on Plans"
  ],
  "proeth:intendedOutcome": "Claim responsibility only for the revisions rather than the full design",
  "proeth:raisesObligation": [],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Late in the redesign",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 12,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "Engineer B placed a note on the title sheet of the public improvement plans, leaving Engineer A\u0027s signature and seal intact, stating that he, Engineer B, is taking responsibility for the \"revisions of the plans,\" making no notation what those changes were.",
    "Engineer B\u0027s failure to state with specificity what those changes in fact were made such a notation on the title sheet virtually meaningless"
  ],
  "proeth:violatesObligation": [
    "Duty to Note All Design Changes (Section III.3.a)",
    "Acknowledgment of Design Responsibility (Section III.9)"
  ],
  "proeth:withinCompetence": true,
  "rdfs:label": "Vague Responsibility Notation"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#Event_Client_Dissatisfaction",
  "@type": "proeth:Event",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T20:16:25.026969+00:00",
  "proeth:causedByAction": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#Action_Plan_Preparation_and_Sealing",
  "proeth:confidence": "0.9",
  "proeth:description": "The client became dissatisfied with the subdivision plans prepared by Engineer A, which set in motion the discharge and the retention of a successor engineer.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:eventType": "outcome",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Client Dissatisfaction State"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "After Engineer A delivered the completed subdivision plans",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 2,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "The client was not satisfied with the plans, so he discharged Engineer A after paying the complete fee for production of the plans."
  ],
  "rdfs:label": "Client Dissatisfaction"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#Event_Professional_Relationship_Termination",
  "@type": "proeth:Event",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T20:16:25.027002+00:00",
  "proeth:causedByAction": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#Action_Engineer_Discharge",
  "proeth:confidence": "0.88",
  "proeth:description": "The contractual relationship between Engineer A and the client came to an end as a consequence of the discharge, with the full fee paid, ending Engineer A\u0027s status as the retained engineer on the project.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:eventType": "outcome",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Engineer A Discharged State"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Upon discharge of Engineer A by the client",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 4,
  "proeth:terminates": [
    "Engineer A Retention State"
  ],
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "the client clearly discharged Engineer A from his services",
    "he discharged Engineer A after paying the complete fee for production of the plans"
  ],
  "rdfs:label": "Professional Relationship Termination"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#Event_Residual_Work_Connection",
  "@type": "proeth:Event",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T20:16:25.027029+00:00",
  "proeth:causedByAction": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#Action_Successor_Engineer_Retention",
  "proeth:confidence": "0.85",
  "proeth:description": "Despite the discharge, Engineer A came to maintain an ongoing connection with the project because the client passed his signed and sealed work product along to Engineer B for use in the redesign.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "discussion",
  "proeth:eventType": "outcome",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Engineer A Work Connection State"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "interval",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "When the client gave Engineer A\u0027s plans to Engineer B",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 7,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "Engineer A still maintained a connection with the work which he had performed by virtue of the fact that the client passed along Engineer A\u0027s work product to Engineer B"
  ],
  "rdfs:label": "Residual Work Connection"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#Event_Notation_Rendered_Meaningless",
  "@type": "proeth:Event",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T20:16:25.027074+00:00",
  "proeth:causedByAction": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#Action_Vague_Responsibility_Notation",
  "proeth:confidence": "0.82",
  "proeth:description": "The title sheet notation taking responsibility for revisions became virtually meaningless because Engineer B failed to specify what the changes were.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "discussion",
  "proeth:eventType": "outcome",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Ineffective Responsibility Disclosure State"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "instant",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "Upon placement of the vague title sheet note",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 13,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "Engineer B\u0027s failure to state with specificity what those changes in fact were made such a notation on the title sheet virtually meaningless"
  ],
  "rdfs:label": "Notation Rendered Meaningless"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#",
    "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#Event_Misleading_Plans_Condition",
  "@type": "proeth:Event",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T20:16:25.027052+00:00",
  "proeth:causedByAction": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#Action_Undocumented_Utility_Design_Changes",
  "proeth:confidence": "0.87",
  "proeth:description": "As a consequence of Engineer B\u0027s undocumented modifications while Engineer A\u0027s seal and signature remained intact, the plans became misleading, blending the work of both engineers with no indication of which work belonged to whom.",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "discussion",
  "proeth:eventType": "outcome",
  "proeth:initiates": [
    "Misleading Plan Attribution State",
    "Authorship Ambiguity State"
  ],
  "proeth:temporalExtent": "interval",
  "proeth:temporalMarker": "After Engineer B completed his modifications to the plans",
  "proeth:temporalSequence": 14,
  "proeth:textReferences": [
    "We view the conduct of Engineer B under the facts of this case to be misleading either intentionally or unwittingly.",
    "His failure to do so constituted a form of deception which places him in violation of Section III.3.a.",
    "never indicating which represented the work of Engineer A and which represented his own work"
  ],
  "rdfs:label": "Misleading Plans Condition"
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#CausalChain_1",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T20:16:25.027131+00:00",
  "proeth:agentKnowledge": "Client knew the plans did not meet his expectations and knew he could terminate the relationship after paying the fee",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "The client was not satisfied with the plans, so he discharged Engineer A after paying the complete fee for production of the plans.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer A prepares, signs, and seals the 5-sheet grading set and 38-sheet public improvement set",
      "proeth:element": "Plan Preparation and Sealing",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "The client becomes dissatisfied with the plans produced by Engineer A",
      "proeth:element": "Client Dissatisfaction",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "The client discharges Engineer A after paying the complete fee and requests the original drawings",
      "proeth:element": "Engineer Discharge",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Client Dissatisfaction",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Had the client been satisfied with the plans, Engineer A would not have been discharged and the successor-engineer chain of events would not have begun",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "Engineer Discharge",
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Client\u0027s dissatisfaction with the subdivision plans",
    "Client\u0027s authority to terminate the engineering engagement",
    "Completion of the plan production for which fees were owed"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Client",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Client dissatisfaction combined with the client\u0027s contractual right to discharge the engineer"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#CausalChain_2",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T20:16:25.027207+00:00",
  "proeth:agentKnowledge": "Client knowingly ended the engagement after paying the complete fee",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "While it is true that Engineer A had been \"discharged\" by the client, Engineer A still maintained a connection with the work which he had performed by virtue of the fact that the client passed along Engineer A\u0027s work product to Engineer B.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Client is not satisfied with the plans",
      "proeth:element": "Client Dissatisfaction",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Client discharges Engineer A after paying the complete fee",
      "proeth:element": "Engineer Discharge",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "The contractual relationship between Engineer A and the client comes to an end",
      "proeth:element": "Professional Relationship Termination",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Engineer Discharge",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Without the discharge, the contractual relationship would have continued and Section III.8.a. would have required Engineer B to obtain Engineer A\u0027s expressed knowledge before reviewing the work",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "discussion",
  "proeth:effect": "Professional Relationship Termination",
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Client\u0027s act of discharging Engineer A",
    "Payment of the complete fee closing out contractual obligations"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Client",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Discharge with full payment was itself sufficient to end the contractual relationship"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#CausalChain_3",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T20:16:25.027231+00:00",
  "proeth:agentKnowledge": "Client knew the plans were Engineer A\u0027s signed and sealed work product when he passed them to Engineer B as a guide",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "Engineer A still maintained a connection with the work which he had performed by virtue of the fact that the client passed along Engineer A\u0027s work product to Engineer B.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Client discharges Engineer A and asks for the original drawings",
      "proeth:element": "Engineer Discharge",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer A complies, turning over the originals and retaining reproducibles",
      "proeth:element": "Original Drawings Transfer",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Client retains Engineer B and gives him Engineer A\u0027s plans as a guide",
      "proeth:element": "Successor Engineer Retention",
      "proeth:step": 3
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer A maintains an ongoing connection with the project through his work product",
      "proeth:element": "Residual Work Connection",
      "proeth:step": 4
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Successor Engineer Retention",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Had the client commissioned an entirely new design from scratch without providing Engineer A\u0027s plans, Engineer A would have had no residual connection to the ongoing work",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "discussion",
  "proeth:effect": "Residual Work Connection",
  "proeth:interveningFactors": [
    "Engineer A\u0027s compliance in turning over original drawings"
  ],
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Client\u0027s decision to give Engineer A\u0027s plans to Engineer B as a guide",
    "Engineer A\u0027s signature and seal remaining on the plans",
    "Engineer B\u0027s retention to review and redesign the project"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "shared",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Client",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Transfer of Engineer A\u0027s sealed work product to Engineer B for use in the redesign"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#CausalChain_4",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T20:16:25.027250+00:00",
  "proeth:agentKnowledge": "Engineer B knew the plans were the signed and sealed work of Engineer A and knew he had not communicated with Engineer A",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "At no time after Engineer B was retained were there any communications between the two engineers.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Client retains Engineer B and provides Engineer A\u0027s plans",
      "proeth:element": "Successor Engineer Retention",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer B agrees to review and redesign without notifying Engineer A",
      "proeth:element": "Review Engagement Acceptance",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer B modifies the plans without any communication with Engineer A",
      "proeth:element": "Consultation Omission",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Review Engagement Acceptance",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Had Engineer B declined the engagement, or had he contacted Engineer A upon retention, the consultation omission would not have occurred",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "Consultation Omission",
  "proeth:interveningFactors": [
    "Engineer A had already been discharged, so Section III.8.a. did not strictly require notification"
  ],
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Engineer B\u0027s acceptance of the review and redesign engagement",
    "Engineer B\u0027s decision not to notify or consult Engineer A"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Engineer B",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Acceptance of the engagement combined with the choice to proceed without any communication with Engineer A"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#CausalChain_5",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T20:16:25.027269+00:00",
  "proeth:agentKnowledge": "Engineer B knew he had made changes including deleting a sheet, raising pad elevations, and rerouting the street, and knew he had not documented or signed them",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "Engineer B did not note what changes were made nor did he sign any of the sheets, including the cover sheet.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Client gives Engineer B the plans to use as a guide in the redesign",
      "proeth:element": "Successor Engineer Retention",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer B deletes one sheet, raises housing pad elevations, and changes street routing without notation or signature",
      "proeth:element": "Undocumented Grading Plan Modification",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "The plans deceptively suggest that the modified design remains the work reviewed and sealed by Engineer A",
      "proeth:element": "Misleading Plans Condition",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Undocumented Grading Plan Modification",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Had Engineer B noted his changes and signed the modified sheets, the grading plans would have accurately represented authorship and would not have been misleading",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "facts",
  "proeth:effect": "Misleading Plans Condition",
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Substantive changes to the grading plans (sheet deletion, raised housing pads, rerouted street)",
    "Failure to note what changes were made",
    "Failure to sign any of the sheets, including the cover sheet"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Engineer B",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Making substantive design changes while leaving no notation and no signature identifying the modifier"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#CausalChain_6",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T20:16:25.027286+00:00",
  "proeth:agentKnowledge": "Engineer B knew he had made major design changes and knew Engineer A\u0027s seal and signature remained intact on the plans",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "His failure to do so constituted a form of deception which places him in violation of Section III.3.a.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Client provides Engineer A\u0027s sealed public improvement plans to Engineer B",
      "proeth:element": "Successor Engineer Retention",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer B makes major changes to storm drains, pipe dimensions, sewers, and utilities without notation or signature, leaving Engineer A\u0027s seal intact",
      "proeth:element": "Undocumented Utility Design Changes",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "The plans deceptively attribute the mixed-and-matched design to Engineer A, a form of deception violating Section III.3.a.",
      "proeth:element": "Misleading Plans Condition",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Undocumented Utility Design Changes",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Had Engineer B made all necessary notations of the changes to the storm drains, pipe dimensions, sewers, and utilities, the plans would not have constituted a form of deception",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "discussion",
  "proeth:effect": "Misleading Plans Condition",
  "proeth:interveningFactors": [
    "Client\u0027s instruction to use Engineer A\u0027s plans as a guide"
  ],
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Major design changes to storm drains, pipe dimensions, sewers, and utilities",
    "No notation of the changes and no signature by Engineer B",
    "Engineer A\u0027s seal and signature left intact on the plans"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Engineer B",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "Major undocumented modifications combined with Engineer A\u0027s intact seal, which attributes the altered design to Engineer A"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}

{
  "@context": {
    "proeth": "http://proethica.org/ontology/intermediate#",
    "proeth-case": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#",
    "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#",
    "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
  },
  "@id": "http://proethica.org/ontology/case/173#CausalChain_7",
  "@type": "proeth:CausalChain",
  "generatedAtTime": "2026-07-12T20:16:25.027302+00:00",
  "proeth:agentKnowledge": "Engineer B knew exactly which modifications he had made yet chose to describe them only as unspecified \u0027revisions of the plans\u0027",
  "proeth:causalLanguage": "However, as we have indicated, Engineer B\u0027s failure to state with specificity what those changes in fact were made such a notation on the title sheet virtually meaningless.",
  "proeth:causalSequence": [
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer B makes major undocumented changes to the public improvement plans",
      "proeth:element": "Undocumented Utility Design Changes",
      "proeth:step": 1
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "Engineer B places a note on the title sheet taking responsibility for the \u0027revisions of the plans\u0027 without noting what those changes were",
      "proeth:element": "Vague Responsibility Notation",
      "proeth:step": 2
    },
    {
      "proeth:description": "The lack of specificity makes the responsibility notation virtually meaningless",
      "proeth:element": "Notation Rendered Meaningless",
      "proeth:step": 3
    }
  ],
  "proeth:cause": "Vague Responsibility Notation",
  "proeth:counterfactual": "Had Engineer B stated with specificity what the changes were, the notation would have meaningfully allocated responsibility rather than being virtually meaningless",
  "proeth:discoveredInSection": "discussion",
  "proeth:effect": "Notation Rendered Meaningless",
  "proeth:necessaryFactors": [
    "Placement of a title-sheet note claiming responsibility only for unspecified \"revisions of the plans\"",
    "Absence of any notation identifying which changes were made",
    "Engineer A\u0027s signature and seal left intact alongside the note"
  ],
  "proeth:responsibilityType": "direct",
  "proeth:responsibleAgent": "Engineer B",
  "proeth:sufficientFactors": [
    "A responsibility notation lacking any specificity about the changes, superimposed on plans still bearing Engineer A\u0027s seal"
  ],
  "proeth:withinAgentControl": true
}